involved in delivering a service to a target customer. It includes all the procedures, mechanisms and activities that affect how a business processes products and delivers them to consumers. The process starts when the customer becomes aware of the business and its services, until the purchase and after the purchase. A process can also be the sequence of activities between employees and customers, resulting in the transfer of ownership from the business to the customer.
Physical evidence includes all the tangible
These factors include: – touchpoints where customers interact with businesses; – tangible branding elements such as packaging, invoices, bags,… – websites and e-commerce stores; – any other non-human elements that the customer sees, hears, and even smells related to the product. Marketing mix examples every company today uses marketing mix in their marketing plans.
Here is a famous example
the 4p marketing mix model of nestle – the world’s largest food and beverage company with over 2000 brands. First is the product. Nestle focuses on meeting the needs of customers for ready-to-eat food. In addition, the company focuses on processed food items and consumer goods. Nestle’s product portfolio includes: – dairy products: nestle milk, nestle slim and nestle everyday. – chocolate: kitkat, munch, polo, milky bar, crunch,.
Coffee nescafe dolce gusto
nespresso,… – instant food: nestle maggi, buitoni, jacks, herta,… In terms of pricing, nestle typically follows only two pricing strategies for its products: – competitive pricing: the company prices its products according to the prices of its competitors. This is often applied to skype database chocolate and instant food products; – skimming pricing: the company sets a higher price than competitors for products where nestle really stands out.
Often applied to products such
as nestle a + slim, nestle a + toned,… In terms of distribution, nestle utilizes mass distribution and uses a 4-5 level distribution channel consisting of manufacturers, agents (1-2 levels), wholesalers and retailers to provide its services to customers. The company even uses modern distribution sales management channels like e-commerce stores and online marketplaces to sell its products. Finally, about the trade promotion program. Nestle uses a combination of atl, btl and digital marketing channels to promote its services to customers, including: – advertising: tv advertising, radio advertising, print advertising and digital advertising.
Promotion: apply freebies and free
trial programs to increase sales through pos. Public relations: nestle maintains its good image through articles, events. The difference between 4p and 7p – the 4p model is buy lead applied to products that are regular goods (also known as physical products), while the 7p model is applied when the product is a service. – the 7p model is an inheritance and improvement from the 4p model.